Data on total government expenditure, which, by subtracting agricultural expenditure, is used to calculate nonagricultural expenditure, were also obtained from the above sources. Cocoa value chain implication for the smallholder farmer in. Pdf cocoa production in ghana kwasi clarks academia. During that same period, it was transplanted to fiji, madagascar, samoa, singapore, and. In crop year 20182019, more than two million metric tons of cocoa beans were produced in cote divoire. Being primarily a cash crop, cocoa does not contribute much to the nutritional aspects of food security. Cocoa production occurs in the countrys forested areas. It has been estimated that 25 to 30% of the population of ghana depends on the cocoa sector for their livelihood. Cocoa production is an integral part of the rural economy in ghana. A total of 637 households with 3392 persons were randomly sampled using a multi staged sampling technique from eleven cocoa districts in ghana. The production of cocoa beans is thought to employ more than 1. Insight into the standard of living of ghanaian cocoa farmers.
At the end of 2018, there were 38,417 farmers participating in cocoa life, across 447 communities. Dark milk chocolate bars help to unlock wealth in west africa. Ghana cocoa industry an analysis from the innovation system. The oldest of the three major production basins see map 1 covers central america and. Cocoa production and real producer prices, 19962005. The sad story of ghanas cocoa industry and the way forward.
Ghana is the worlds secondlargest cocoaproducing country cote divoire is the largest. Moreover, ghana, nigeria, and cameroon have all set ambitious targets for further raising cocoa production. Agricultural production data were compiled from faostat, and disaggregated for the cocoa and noncocoa subsectors. Pdf assessing the challenges facing cocoa production in. Cocoa is the leading agricultural export of the country and nigeria is currently the worlds fourth largest producer of cocoa, after ivory coast, indonesia and ghana, and the third largest exporter, after ivory coast and ghana. Ghanas cocoa cultivation, however, is noted within the developing world to be one of the most modeled commodities and valuables. How to become an icco member international cocoa agreement 2010. Planting, replanting and tree diversification in cocoa systems authors richard asare and sonii david collaborating partner sustainable tree crops program of the international institute of tropical agriculture p. A guide to trade practices international trade centre. According to asantepoku and angelucci the main factors that have contributed to the increase in ghana s cocoa production are the support measures of the governmentowned cocoa marketing board cocobod. Ghana cocoa industry an analysis from the innovation. Cocoa has a long production cycle, far longer than many other tropical crops, and new hybrid varieties need over five years to come into production, and a further 10 to 15 years for the tree to reach its full bearing potential. A study to increase income in rural indonesia effendy id 1, m. This study focuses on the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana.
This statistic shows the world cocoa production by country 20192020. Cocoa life has been active in ghana since 2008, when it began as the cadbury cocoa partnership. In view of the sustainability of cocoa production in ghana, many activities are. Apr 23, 2020 in 20182019, ghana is estimated to have produced about 812 thousand tons of cocoa beans, a decrease from approximately 969 thousand tons in 20162017. Cocoa is ghana s most important agricultural export crop and provides the third largest. Although purchased physical inputs agrochemicals, seeds and tools represent less than 30% of the total cost of crop production, the use of pesticides is becoming more widespread. Regionally, the cocoa enterprise attains the most importance in the western region were it. Pdf cocoa theobroma cacao lineus has remained a valuable crop and major foreign exchange earner among other agricultural.
However, its modern constitution and mandate reflects the modern trends in the. Ghana production is also an indicator of the vulnerability of cocoa producers to external. Cocoa value chain implication for the smallholder farmer. Research article factors influencing the efficiency of cocoa farms. Making chocolate in ghana is such a revolutionary concept because ghana focuses on the production of raw cocoa beans and exporting it to european countries where the fine chocolate is made.
Cocoa is the chief agricultural export of ghana and ghanas main cash crop. Cocoa production and related socialeconomic and climate. It has been estimated that in 20102011 exports of cocoa ghana s reached 1 004 000 mt gain, 2012in terms of world cocoa exports, ghana has maintained its. Child labor in cocoa production is not just a symptom of poverty but also a contributing factor, as children often forgo a. In 20182019, ghana is estimated to have produced about 812 thousand tons of cocoa beans, a decrease from approximately 969 thousand tons in 20162017. Assessment of incentives for mainstreaming sustainable cocoa production. Good agricultural practices for sustainable cocoa production. Ghana cocoa board cocobod the ghana cocoa board established in 1947 has had a long history of overseeing the cocoa sector of ghana. An empirical analysis of cocoa bean production in ghana article pdf available in european scientific journal 1016. The quality control company, the cocoa research institute of ghana, the cocoa marketing company, and. Aging cocoa trees provide opportunity for agricultural. The typical ghanaian cocoa producer earns his livelihood on a diversified family farm with the revenues from the cocoa enterprise accounting for about 55% of the household revenues. Based on the idea that current research and extension messages might insufficiently address farmers actual problems and.
Its average percentage of world production in the period between 1994 and 2003 was 38 percent, and ghanas production in the. Helena et al, 2009 put it in simple terms that cocoa is ghana, ghana is cocoa. Assessing the employment effects of processing cocoa in ghana. According to asantepoku and angelucci the main factors that have contributed to the increase in ghanas cocoa production are the support measures of the governmentowned cocoa marketing board cocobod. Ghana has the lowest rainfall amount of all cocoa producing countries ruf and zadi 1998. Box 8, cocoa research institute of ghana crig, newtafo, er, ghana. Cocoa production in a nutshell make chocolate fair. Ghana is the worlds third largest producer figure 1 and the second largest exporter of cocoa beans after cote divoire figure 2. Nigeria has the potential to produce over 300,000 tons of cocoa beans per year, but production only amounted to 145,000 tons in 1999 nigeria agriculture stats, 2014. Ghana cocoa board cocobod has worked hard to sustain the cocoa industry in ghana. More so, as shown in figure 1, the annual production of cocoa in ghana has increased by 112%, from 404 thousand metric tons in 1995 to 859. Best agricultural practices, biological hotspots, cacao, chocolate, cocoa.
Cocobod was established with a mission to encourage and facilitate the production, processing and marketing of premium quality cocoa, coffee and shea nut in all forms in the most efficient and cost effective manner and maintain best mutual industrial relations with its workers. Assessment of land tenurerelated constraints to cocoa productivity in ghana 3 1. Ghana plans to increase its production by 100,000 tons per annum, while nigerias and cameroons targets are. Thus, if the present trend of the decline in trees on cocoa. Projects on sustainable cocoa production in ghana related to forests. Cocoa production is important to the economy of nigeria. Cocoa is still the singlemost important commodity to the countrys economy.
Approximately 86% of the world cocoa production is grown by small. Real products ghana limited is located in the apowa industrial free zone, just west of takoradi in western ghana. Cocoa producer price increased share of cocoa in gdp rose from 4. An estimated 800,000 families cultivate and market cocoa on 1. Ghana produces biggest cocoa crop in six years bloomberg. Behind ivory coast, ghana is the second largest cocoa exporter in the world.
The dominance of smallholders in the cocoa sector and the lack of production farm labor due to increased rate of urbanization held back production. Ghana cocoa industryan analysis from the innovation. A survey was conducted to provide insight into the standard of living of cocoa farmers in ghana. The procedures for becoming a member of the international cocoa organization are provided in articles 52 to 57 of the international cocoa agreement, 2010. In ghana the cocoa production has steadily risen from 300,000 tons in 1995 to 900,000 tons in 2014. Fardhal pratama, rustam abdul rauf1, made antara1, muhammad basircyio2, mahfudz2, muhardi2 1 department of agriculture economics, agriculture faculty of tadulako university, palu, indonesia. Assessing the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana. Like most cocoa producing nations, cocoa is a major contributor to ghanas gross domestic product gdp and foreign exchange earner for the country. Production and supply 3 chapter 1 cocoa production 5 cocoa growing 5 main factors in cocoa production 5 smallholder farming 7 weather and disease 7 sustainable production 8 main producing countries 9 cote divoire 10 ghana 10 indonesia 11 nigeria 12 brazil 12 cameroon ecuador 14 malaysia 14 box 1 varieties of cocoa 5 box 2 bean types 6. Creating opportunities for young people in ghanas cocoa. Cocoa services division into two separate unitsthe cocoa swollen shoot virus disease control unit cssvdcu and the seed production unit spu.
The production of cocoa begins in the tropical regions around the equator, where the hot and humid climate is well suited for growing cocoa trees. Ghanas cocoa production grew an average of 16% between 200003. Concerns about the use of child labor in west african cocoa production became widespread in the early 2000s in many highincome countries. Fardhal pratama, rustam abdul rauf1, made antara1, muhammad basir cyio2, mahfudz2, muhardi2 1 department of agriculture economics, agriculture faculty of tadulako university, palu, indonesia, 2 department of agroecotechnology, agriculture faculty of. Pdf an empirical analysis of cocoa bean production in ghana. Ghana is the second largest producer in the world fao stat, and cocoa provides significant economic benefits that include jobs, improved livelihoods and. Incentives for sustainable cocoa production in ghana food and.
Ghana is the bottom of the cocoa value chain, since it just grows the beans. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vo. The ghana cocoa platform is an avenue created by the ghana cocoa board cocobod with other supporting stakeholders to provide convening and coordination on technical issues beyond the topic of extension and into other thematic areas of the cocoa sector that would benefit from a public private partnership approach to cocoa development. Pdf cocoa production has been the backbone of ghanas economy for more than six decades now. The stcp allows free copying and distributions on a noncommercial basis provided that the source is acknowledged. Ghanas effort at increasing its cocoa production has taken a giant step forward with the establishment of 20 rural service centres rscs to aid farmers adopt best farm management practices to raise the per hectare yield. The case of eastern region article pdf available in custos e agronegocio 111. Real products ghana cocoa products real products ghana.
Ghana has recorded its biggest cocoa harvest in six years, according to two people familiar with the matter, after favorable weather conditions boosted output. Insight into the standard of living of ghanaian cocoa. Child labour in the production of cocoa in cote divoire and ghana ful. The determination of producer price in ghanas cocoa sector and the provision of service to cocoa farmers by mr.
The decline is partly a result ofdecreasing areas under cultivation. Cocoa yields are declining as trees age across ghana, the worlds secondbiggest cocoa producer. Pdf economic analysis of cocoa production in ghana. Its average percentage of world production in the period between 1994 and 2003 was 38 percent, and ghanas production in the same period was 12 percent. But farmers who lease their land are reluctant to replant for fear of losing their right to farm. Dataset on cocoa production and climate change adaptation. Approximately fifty countries in the intertropical zone grow cocoa beans, three of which dominate world production. The ghana cocoa board cocobod regulates the cocoa industry in ghana, with a primary mandate of enabling production, processing, and marketing of cocoa as efficiently and effectively as possible ghana cocoa board, 2012. Annual production among the sample producers was slightly under one tonne. Given the significance of ghana as the principal producer and exporter of cocoa and a major source of foreign earnings in the country, it is imperative to analyze the production and export trend of the industry. Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cocoa in ghana. For this study econometric methods were used to explore the patterns of domestic production volatility of cocoa under consideration in ghana from october 2000 to september 2015 major. The questionnaire which had been submitted as supplementary file sought information on cocoa farmers demographic information, input usage for cocoa production, perceived forms of climate change, impact of climate change on cocoa production and their adaptation methods.
The role of cocoa in ghanas growth and poverty reduction. Another problem in cocoa production in ghana is low yields perha, which is attributed to the incidence ofpests and. The country ranked 8th, 9th and 7th in cocoa butter export in 2005, 2006 and 2009, respectively, while cocoa paste exports have decreased to such a level that ghana was no longer ranked among the top 9 exporters of cocoa paste worldwide in 2008 and 2009, although between 2005 and 2007, ghana ranked in the 3rd or 4th position. Cocoa is the most important agricultural export crop for ghana as it delivers 30% of the countrys total export earnings asantepoku and angelucci, 20. Cocobod ghana cocoa board, cocoa production, processing. Pesticide application in ghana is more concentrated in. The company has an installed annual capacity of 30,000 metric tonnes of cocoa beans which are processed into finished and semifinished products, mostly for export. This statistic shows the production of cocoa beans in 201819 and 201920, by country. It originates from the seeds cocoa beans of the cocoa fruits cocoa pods, which grow on cocoa trees. The crop was a major foreign exchange earner for nigeria in the 1950s and 1960s and in 1970 the country was the.
Cocoa platform ghana cocoa board, cocoa production. Mission to ghana in research and innovation in the ghanaian cocoa sector advance. The processing of cocoa into cocoa butter, cocoa paste and confectioneries is an important component of the value chain especially with the national goal of processing 50% of cocoa before export. It has been estimated that in 20102011 exports of cocoa ghanas reached 1 004 000 mt gain, 2012in terms of world cocoa exports, ghana has maintained its. Drivers of cocoa production growth in ghana overseas. Since its establishment in 1947, the ghana cocoa board cocobod has worked hard to sustain the cocoa industry in ghana.